gs ranked the Sapienza University of Rome 62nd in the world and the top in Italy in its World University Rankings.[200]) and the University of Milan (whose research and teaching activities have d

ment preference by major multinational companies.[194] Bocconi was also ranked by Forbes as the best worldwide in the specific category Value for Money.[195] In May 2008, Bocconi overtook several traditionally top global business schools in the Financial Times Executive education ranking, reaching no. 5 in Europe and no. 15 in the world.[196]
Other top universities and polytechnics include the Polytechnic University of Turin, the Politecnico di Milano (which in 2011 was ranked as the 48th best technical university in the world by QS World University Rankings[197]), the University of Rome La Sapienza (which in 2005 was Europe's 33rd best university,[198] and ranks among Europe's 50 and the world's 150 best colleges[199] and in 2013, the Center for World University Rankings ranked the Sapienza University of Rome 62nd in the world and the top in Italy in its World University Rankings.[200]) and the University of Milan (whose research and teaching activities have developed over the years and have received important international recognitions). The University is the only Italian member of the League of European Research Universities (LERU), a prestigious group of twenty research-intensive European Universities. It has also been awarded ranking positions such as 1st in Italy and 7th in Europe (The Leiden Ranking – Universiteit Leiden).
According to National Science Indicators (1981–2002), a database produced by Research Services Group containing listings of output and citation statistics for more than 90 countries, Italy has an above-average output of scientific papers (in terms of number of papers written with at least one author being from Italy) in space science (9.75% of papers in the world being from Italy), mathematics (5.51% of papers in the world), computer science, neurosciences, and physics; the lowest, but still slightly above world-average, output in terms of number of papers produced is recorded in the social sciences, psychology and psychiatry, and economics and business.[201]
Healthcare
Main article: Healthcare in Italy
The Italian state runs a universal public healthcare system since 1978.[202] However, healthcare is provided to all citizens and residents by a mixed public-private system. The public part is the Servizio Sanitario Nazionale, which is organized under the Ministry of Health and administered on a devolved regional basis. Healthcare spending in Italy accounted for more than 9.0% of the national GDP in 2008, slightly above the OECD countries' average of 8.9%.[203]
Italy ranks as having the world's 2nd best healthcare system,[202][204] and the world's 3rd best healthcare performance.[205] Italy had the 12th highest worldwide life expectancy in 2010.[206] As in many others western countries, seeing an inc